Solresol语法（二）

一音节词

Solresol的单词由一到四个音节组成。以下是一音节的单词。
Do , no, not, neither, nor; Sol, if;
Re, and, as well as; La, the;
Mi, or, or even; Si, yes, okay, gladly, agreed.
Fa to

Solresol的每个音节可以进行缩写

d for do; r for re; m for mi; f for fa; so for sol; l for la; s for si

二音节词


Dore/Dr:I, me;	Dl: one, someone;
Dm: you (single)	Ds:other.
Dso: self, oneself;


Redo/rd:my, mine	Rso: our, ours
Rm: your, yours (single)	Rl: your, yours (pl)
Rf: hisRs: their

Mido/md: for, in order to/that	Mso, well (adv)
Mr, who, which (rel pron); that (conj)	Ml, here/there is, behold;
Mf, whose, of which;	Ms, good evening/night.

Fado/fd, what?;	Fso, why, for what reason;
Fr, with, jointly;	Fl, good, tasty, delectable;
Fm, this, that;	Fs, much, very, extremely.

Soldo/sod, but;	Sof, because;
Sor, in, within;	Sol (solla), perpetually, always, without end, without ceasing;
Som, wrong, ill (adv);	Sos, thank, thanks.

Lado or ld, nothing, no one, nobody;	Lm, here, there;
Lso, never, at no time;	Lf, bad;
Lr, by;	Ls, of.

Sido or sd, the same (thing);	Sso, mister, sir;
Sr, each, every;	Sso_, madame, lady;
Sr, all;	Sl, young man, bachelor;
Sm, good morning/afternoon;	Sl_, young woman, etc.
Sf, little, scarcely;

词群

为了让solresol语言更容易学习， Francois Sudre特意将单词按照意思分组，每组有六个单词。


Doredo or drd, time;	Drso, month;
Drm, day;	Drl, year;
Drf, week;	Drs, century.

Dosoldo or dsod, be hungry;	Dsof, be thirsty;
Dsor, eat;	Dsol, drink;
Dsom, bread;	Dsos, water.

Domiredo/dmrd, the five senses;	Dmrso, taste;
Dmrm, see;	Dmrl, feel;
Dmrf, touch, feel, handle;	Dmrs, hear.

Dofalado or dfld, candor, sincerity;	Dflf, cordiality;
Dflr, goodness, kindness;	Dflso, generosity, unselfishness;
Dflm, sensitivity, impressionableness;	Dfls, humanity, mercy.

Lafadore or lfdr, counting;	Ldfso, multiplication;
Lfdm, addition;	Lfdl, division;
Lfdf, subtraction;	Lfds, division, share.

普通单词的分类

在先前的例子中，我们可以看到由三个以内的音节作为前缀被使用来说明这一组词的基本特征。四音节词则按类分组。（这句没懂，看之前的例子理解就行）

DO组属于“人”、“人的品质”、“人的优良才能”和“食物”。

EXAMPLES:
Dmfd, man, human being;	Dfsf, conscience;
Dmsof, intelligence;	Dlfr, food, nourishment;
Dmlr, pronounce;	Dssof, cooking.
Dfmr, quality;

RE组用于“衣物”，“房屋”，“家具”，“家政”和“家”.

EXAMPLES:
Rdfs, clothing, dress;	Rfdm, furniture;
Rdrf, shirt, blouse;	Rsosr, work;
Rmfl, house;	Rldr, washing, laundry;
Rmfs, dwelling, habitation, residence，apartment;	Rsdso, family;
Rsds, father.

MI组用于描述人的行为，尤其是人的缺点。

EXAMPLES:
Mdfl, abandon, leave, desert;	Mfmf, laziness;
Mdsod, fear, doubt, hold back;	Mlrl, slander;
Mrdl, undertake;	Msmf, responsibility;
Mfrd, selfishness;	Msfd, indiscretion.

FA组用于国家，农业，战争，海与旅行

EXAMPLES:
Fdrm,country(side)	Fmfl, regiment;Fdsd, gardening, horticulture;
Fsomr, strategy, tactic;	Frdr, agriculture;
Fldr, navigate, sail;	Frdf, work the land, furrow;
Fsdr, travel;	Frmf, harvest, gather, glean;
Fssor, travel through, sightsee.

SOL与天气，文学，艺术和科学相关。

EXAMPLES:
Sodrm, theater;	Somsos, harmony;
Sodsd, orchestra;	Soldl, painting, watercolor;
Sodsr, instrument;	Solmf, sculpture;
Somsor, music;	Sosdr, literature, letters.

LA行主要用于表达工业和交易。

EXAMPLES:
Ldrd, industry;	Lfsod, cash (on hand), money;
Ldrm, make, manufacture;	Lfsol, franc;
Ldrf, material, substance;	Lfsos, centime;
Ldrso, produce;	Lfld, measure;
Ldrl, sell, retail;	Lflf, liter;
Ldrs, in bulk, wholesale;	Lfsf, gram;
Ldmr, shop, store;	Lsorf, meter;
Lrdl, buy, acquire, gain possession of;	Lsomr, sample;
Lsofr, exposition, exhibition;	Lsofd, display (area/things);
Lrfr, propose, offer;	Lsofm, assortment, set;
Lmlf, merchandise;	Lsmso, notions (store).

SI用于描述城市，行政，金融，警察。

EXAMPLES:
Sdms, municipality;	Srsl, republic;
Srdr, government;	Smld, newspaper, journal, gazette;
Srdso, election;	Sfmr, internationalism;
Srsd, diplomacy;	Ssomr, finance;
Srsr, politics;	Slmd, police.

叠音词的分类

在solresol中存在一些有叠音的单词（两个相同的音节排列在一起），它们被单独放在词典中。它们同样用行为顺序、家庭和阶级来分类。

单词dd,rr,mm,ff,soso,ll,ss用于表示动词的情感和时态。

三音节词用于表示数字，日期的年月日和气温（天气情况）。

EXAMPLES:
Rdd, one, first;	Sosod, Monday;
Rmm, two, second;	Sosor, Tuesday;
Rff, three, third;	Lff, snow;
Drr, January;	Ssd, rain;Dmm, February;
Ssl, heat, warmth.

四音节词：

Do：表示宗教和神职人员。

EXAMPLES:
Ddsod, gospel, bible;	Dmss, superstition.
Dffd, Easter;

RE：建设建筑，手艺相关。

EXAMPLES:
Rrdr, construction;	Rsorr, pliers, pincers;
Rrdl, masonry;	Rsoff, hammer;
Rffm, locksmiths;	Rsdd, equipment, tools.
Rlld, cabinet-work;

MI：用作单独的副词，介词和连词。

EXAMPLES:
Mmdm, however, nevertheless;	Mdrr, approximately, around, almost
Mrrso, gradually, imperceptibly, little by little

FA/SO:用于疾病和医疗。

EXAMPLES:
Ffdr, be sick, feel ill;	Fmrr, camphor;
Ffdm, (medical) consultation;	Fsll, anatomy.
Ffdf, doctor;	Ffdso, surgeon;
Sosord, migraine;	Ffdl, dentist;
Soddf, chillblain;	Ffds, oculist;
Sollr, purgation;	Ffrso, pharmacist;
Sofdd, suffocation.	Fmmd, convalescence, recovery;

LA：用于工业和交易（就像普通单词中的LA一样）。

EXAMPLES:
Llrl, bookstore;	Lmmd, tinsmith’s;
Llmd, printshop;	Lsodd, grocery store;
Llfd, watchmaker’s;	Lsoss, flour;
Llrs, hardware store, iron-monger’s;	Lsdd, butcher’s.

SI：用于司法、裁判、法庭相关。

EXAMPLES:
Ssdso, magistracy;	Sslf, imprisonment, incarceration.
Ssmd, testimony;

同义词

Solresol没有同义词
因此一个solla就能表示英语里面的always, without ceasing, perpetually, without end.
一个 mifala(mfl)就能表示英语里面的desire, long for, wish for.
一个dosido(dsd)就能表示英语里面的aid, help, assist, come to one’s aid……

反义词

Solresol拥有其他语言不具有的优势，就是它将音节倒过来读写就是它的反义词。


Misol, good	Solmi, evil.
Fala, good, tasty	Lafa, bad.
Solla, always	Lasol, never.
Fs, much, very	Sf, little, scarcely.
Msso, good fortune, happiness	Sosm, misfortune.
Sols, climb, ascend	Slso, descend.
Sosf, laugh	Fsso, weep, sob.
Sml, ease	Lms, difficulty.
Dldm, accept, consent	Mdld, refuse, reject.
Fsms, advance	Smsf, draw back, retreat.

注意:在使用solresol语言时，需要特别注意在每个单词后的停顿，稍微的停顿对区分单词有相当大的作用，听者也能够很容易理解。从接触solresol的一刻起我们就应该清楚地将单词分离，同时建议在读solresol语时可以速度放缓一些。

词性

Solresol中的单词有三种词性：阴性、阳性和中性。我们可以很轻易区分它们：
所有和雄性（male）相关的都是阳性的。
所有和雌性（female）相关的都是阴性。
所有和材料物体相关，抽象的东西，或是未知性别的东西都属于中性。
这些单词始终保持不变。

阴性词需要单独表明出来。如果是在口语中，就重读最后一个音节元音。如果是在书写中，就在最后一个元音后面加一个短横线。

EXAMPLES:

Masculine:	Feminine:
Sisol, Mr;	Sisool or Siso_l, Mrs.;
Sila, Master (title), boy;	Silaa or Sila_, Miss;
Msf, husband;	Msf_, wife;
Ldm, pupil, student (m);	Ldm_, pupil, student (f);
Dmfd, man;	Dmfd_, woman;
Rsmr, brother;	Rsmr_, sister;
Frsod, stallion;	Frsod_, mare.

（注1：例子中表明也可以双写最后一个元音字母，这里的加短横线和双写都是针对元音字母，如sol最后处理是sool和so-l）
（注2：虽然这里使用的是下划线，但是源pdf里面使用的是上划线）

复数

最后辅音上面标注一个重读符号表明这个单词为复数。这个被标了重读的辅音我们在读的时候会延长，就好像它被写了两遍一样。


Rd, my, mine (ms);	Rd’, my, mine (mpl);
Rd_, my, mine (fs);	Rd’_, my, mine (fpl);
Sso, mister;	Ss’o, messers;
Sso_, madame;	Ss’o_, mesdames;
Fdso, signature;	Fds’o, signatures;
Fml, letter-carrier;	Fml’, letter-carriers;
Drmr, eye;	Drmr’, eyes.

（注意：当一个单词或短语前面是这些单词：f,l,rd,rm,rf,rso,rl,rs,mr,mf,fm,我们在这些简单单词上面添加阴性或复数符号，跟在这些单词后的单词不需要添加其他符号。）

The stallions, l’ frsod;
My brothers, rd’ rsmr;
My sisters are dead, rd’_ rsmr frm rfmd;
These orphans (f) are not unhappy, fm’_ mdfso d frm sosm.
就是说只有名词在单独出现的时候阴性符号和复数符号才是必要的。

Horses, frsod’;Sisters, rsmr’炉;Brothers, rsmr’;Orphans (f), mdfs’o_.

词性

Solresol里面同一个单词有多个意思可以表示动词、名次、形容词、副词。我们通过以下固定不变的法则来移动重读音节符号来注明词性。
Mdf, prefer .
M-df, preference .名词
Md-f, preferable .形容词
Mdf-, preferably .副词
Rsoml, continuer .
R-soml, continuation .名词
Rs-oml, one who continues .
Rsom-l, continual .形容词
Rsoml-, continually .副词
在口语中我们延长被标注的辅音，就好像它被写了两遍。（译者实在不知两个辅音怎么读）